源荷储一体化的广义灵活电源双层统筹规划

高比例可再生能源电力系统中,逐渐减少的传统机组灵活性资源与增加的灵活性需求之间的矛盾日益严重,开展灵活电源专题规划的必要性日益凸显。基于灵活性供需平衡机理,提出了源荷储一体化的广义灵活电源概念,并建立了含资源投资决策和运行模拟校验的双层统筹规划模型。在证明了规划模型的凸性基础上,基于最大净收益增量比优化目标,设计了两阶段迭代求解优化算法。最后,通过中国北方某大型风电基地实际数据,对基准规划场景进行了评估,分析了系统灵活性缺额问题,并采用所述模型对源荷储资源进行优化规划,讨论了储能和需求侧响应在未来规划中的应用。算例表明,所提出的灵活性协调优化方法能够将灵活性量化评价指标纳入到电力系统规划中,优化得到不同约束阈值下的最优方案,能够快速进行参数灵敏度分析,从而提高优化方案的鲁棒性和适用性。     

基于极点对称模态分解的混合储能系统容量配置

为给微电网配置合适的储能容量以平抑网内有功功率波动,提出了一种基于极点对称模态分解(extreme-point symmetric mode decomposition,ESM D)的混合储能系统容量配置模型。基于微电网净负荷功率,利用ESM D方法分解为自适应全局均线作为微电网与电网的交换功率,以及低频和高频分量作为蓄电池和超级电容器的平抑目标;为使分解后的各个分量最优,分析了剩余极点个数对全局均线的影响,研究了临界模态的选择原则以得到合适的低频和高频分量;在此基础上,考虑储能设备的运行寿命,建立了包含年投资成本和年运行维护成本的微电网混合储能系统成本模型。仿真实例验证了所述模型的可行性和经济性。     

Comparative emission analysis of low-energy and zero-emission buildings

Different designs and concepts of low-energy and zero-emission buildings (ZEBs) are being introduced into the Norwegian market. This study analyses and compares the life cycle emissions of CO₂ equivalents (CO₂e) from eight different single-family houses in the Oslo climate. Included are four ZEBs: one active house, two passive houses, and a reference house (Norwegian building code of 2010). Monthly differences in CO₂e emissions are calculated for the seasonally sensitive Norwegian context for electricity generation and consumption. This is used to supplant the previous applied symmetric weighting approach for CO₂e/kWh factors for import and export of electricity for the ZEB cases. All the ZEBs have lower use-stage emissions compared with the other buildings or the reference case. Embodied impacts are found to be 60–75% for the analysed ZEB cases, confirming the importance of embodied impacts in Norwegian ZEBs. The lowest total emissions were from the smallest ZEB, emphasizing area efficiency. The highest emissions were from the reference case. By abandoning the symmetric approach, a new perspective was developed for assessing the performance of ZEBs within the Norwegian context. One of four ZEB cases managed to balance out its annual energy-related emissions.     

SINS/GPS 组合导航卡尔曼滤波算法研究

针对单独使用某一种的导航设备都无法满足机载火控系统和飞行系统要求的问题,推导出 SINS/GPS 组合导航中的一种新的卡尔曼滤波算法.将有色噪声的白化处理引入到卡尔曼滤波器,设计了一套动态车载组合导航试验系统,给出了基于有色噪声白化的卡尔曼滤波器算法的具体步骤,以动态车载 SINS/GPS 组合导航系统试验的数据分析验证了此算法的正确性和合理性.分析结果表明:基于有色噪声白化的卡尔曼滤波器可以很好地解决有色噪声的影响,弥补了传统卡尔曼滤波器的不足,提高了导航结果的精确度.     

Formulation and validation of a mathematical model for a naturally ventilated greenhouse with shading nets in warm and humid climate of India

A thermal model is developed to investigate the suitability of a simple, inexpensive and naturally ventilated greenhouse with shading nets in warm and humid climatic condition for off-season cultivation of vegetables like okra, cucumber, etc. during winter. These vegetables are generally grown during summer and the rainy season. The study was conducted from November 2011 to February 2012 in OUAT, Bhubaneswar, and Odisha where warm and humid climate usually prevails. Air temperatures inside the greenhouse with shading net were only 1–2°C higher during peak sunny hours and considerably 3–5°C more during night hours compared with ambient air temperatures. Lowering of air temperature during peak sunny hours and increasing during the night due to use of shading nets would become favourable for growing off-season vegetables in naturally ventilated greenhouse. Predicted values of air and plant temperatures were found to be in close agreement with experimental values.     

高层住宅楼悬挑外架施工方案应用

根据平遥县某居民新区3号住宅楼的工程实例,从脚手架的体系选择,搭设工艺流程,检查验收,拆除措施等方面进行了论述,提出了该脚手架在结构围护和二次装修两个阶段使用的方法,实践证明,采用悬挑外架施工方案达到了提高工效,保证高空作业安全,实现文明施工的效果。     

基于投资项目收益最大化的投资模式选择策略

本文着重选用了净现值和内部收益率两个常用指标对如何选择投资模式进行了深入的研究。在不考虑风险的因素下,研究了基于净现值、内部收益率指标下选用投资模式的判别准则,提出了采用投资效率判断与衡量项目投资价值。以BOT项目湖州老虎潭水库为例,计算项目在30年特许期权内的净现值、内部收益率和投资效率;假设项目在BT投资模式框架下,计算上述几个重要指标的值。通过对比发现,三个指标得出了一致结论,从而验证了这些指标从不同角度衡量项目投资属性的有效性和可行性。     

一种纯张拉索网应力承载的玻璃幕墙形式研究

太仓文化艺术中心工程采用的是直接张拉索网应力承载的玻璃幕墙,无钢桁架,将新设计的组合夹具固定在索桁架上的点式全玻璃幕墙。索桁架是跨越幕墙支承跨度的重要构件,索桁架悬挂在支承结构上,它由按一定规律布置的高张拉强度的索及连系杆组成,索桁架起着形成幕墙系统,承担幕墙荷载并将其传至支承结构的任务,空间效果好,施工方便,技术成熟,利于建筑师表现各种创意造型。     

中小学教学楼砌体结构抗震加固关键技术探讨

针对常见中小学教学楼砌体结构特点,探讨了砌体结构抗震加固的关键技术,包括钢筋网砂浆面层加固墙体、悬挑梁加柱、增设楼梯柱的设计方法和施工要点,为其他同类工程的抗震加固提供了参考。     

低丘缓坡地带露天中深孔爆破岩石大块率的控制技术措施进行中。

岩石爆破的块度大小对工程质量有着直接的影响,该文通过浙江省重点项目———丽水生态产业集聚区低丘缓坡开发项目(莲都组团1)二期土石方工程的实践,分析总结了低丘缓坡地带露天中深孔爆破岩石大块度产生的原因及其降低大块率的具体措施和方法。经现场实践验证,获得了较好的爆破效果。